Observational studyJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2025
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing unraveled the characteristic of lung microbiota in patients with checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis: results from a prospective cohort study.
Observational study in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06192303 (Prospective Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Combined With Pathogen Metagenomic Sequencing Technology in the Diagnosis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Pneumonia), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prospective Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Combined With Pathogen Metagenomic Sequencing Technology in the Diagnosis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Pneumonia
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic research in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: a bibliometric analysis of research evolution, diagnostic focuses, and future priorities.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Features, Mechanisms, and Lessons from Lung Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Microbiota and immune-related adverse events in cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Microbial Influence on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Non-Small Cell Carcinoma: The Gut-Lung-Immune Axis.Cancers · 2026Review
- Narrative review of the similarities and differences between immune checkpoint inhibitor- and antibody-drug conjugate-associated pneumonitis.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: from pathophysiological window to a precision diagnostic tool.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCheckpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is among the most lethal immune-related adverse events in patients with cancer receiving immunotherapy. This study aims to characterize the lung microbiome in patients with CIP and evaluate its diagnostic potential.
methodsIn a prospective clinical trial (NCT06192303), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples (BALF) were obtained from 38 patients presenting clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of pneumonitis following immunotherapy. The cohort included 14 cases of pure-type CIP (PT-CIP), 14 cases of mixed-type CIP, and 10 cases of pulmonary infection (PI). Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of BALF was employed to delineate the lung microbiota profiles. Using linear discriminant analysis effect size, we discerned characteristic microbiota among the three groups and further explored the associations of signature microbiota with host immune-inflammatory markers. Functional enrichment analysis revealed potential metabolic reprogramming and differences in biological functions between patients with CIP and PI. Finally, leveraging four machine-learning models, we ascertained the clinical value of BALF microbiota profiles in diagnosing CIP.
resultsThe composition of lung microbiota differed significantly between patients with CIP and PI. Microbial taxa, such as
conclusionsOur study represents the unique characterization of the lung microbiota profiles across distinct CIP subtypes and establishes a diagnostic model for CIP based on the decision tree. These findings emphasize the value of BALF mNGS in improving the diagnosis of CIP.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.