Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41161666›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2026

Convergence Insufficiency After Bilateral Medial Rectus Recession for Age-Related Distance Esotropia?

Qingyu Meng, Veronika Yehezkeli, Emanuil Parunakian, Joseph L Demer

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Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Qingyu MengFrom the Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology (Q.M., V.Y., J.L.D.), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Ophthalmology (Q.M.), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Veronika YehezkeliFrom the Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology (Q.M., V.Y., J.L.D.), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Emanuil ParunakianDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (E.P., J.L.D.), Los Angeles, California, USA.
Joseph L DemerFrom the Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology (Q.M., V.Y., J.L.D.), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (E.P., J.L.D.), Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Neurology (J.L.D.), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Bioengineering Department (J.L.D.), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program (J.L.D.), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: jld@jsei.ucla.edu.

Funding

Vision Research Core at UCLAP30EY000331 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Xian-Jie Yang · 1985 to 2026
$16.8M
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS IN STRABISMUS SURGERYR01EY008313 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI JOSEPH Louis DEMER · 1991 to 2026
$15.0M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY000331NEI NIH HHS R01 EY008313
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study evaluated postoperative exophoria and symptoms of convergence insufficiency following bilateral medial rectus (MR) muscle recession performed for correction of age-related distance esotropia (ARDE).

designRetrospective case series.

methodsData were reviewed for patients with ARDE without neurological diseases who underwent bilateral MR recession between September 2014 and October 2024.

resultsIncluded were 110 patients of mean age 74 ± 9 (standard deviation) years. Preoperative esotropia was 13 ± 8∆ at distance and 4 ± 6∆ at near. Preoperative convergence fusional amplitude was 27 ± 12∆. Bilateral MR recession was combined with vertical rectus surgeries in 28 (25%) patients. At the final follow-up after a mean of 14 months, 8 (7%) patients exhibited exophoria at distance. Exophoria was present at near in 48 (44%) patients, including 8 in whom exophoria exceeded 10∆. However, none of these exophoric patients reported symptomatic diplopia or difficulty with near tasks at any time. At final follow-up, ARDE recurred in 22 patients (20%). Mean initial postoperative near deviation did not differ between groups (-2.0∆ vs -2.4∆, P = .77). However, at final follow-up, the nonrecurrence group had significantly more exophoria than the recurrence group (-2.5∆ vs -0.1∆, P = .02). Survival analysis demonstrated approximately 15% recurrence rate of ARDE 2.5 years after surgery, increasing at 5 years postoperatively to 40%.

conclusionsBilateral MR recession for ARDE is unlikely to cause convergence insufficiency, but long-term postoperative exophoria after this procedure may protect against late recurrence of ARDE.

Indexed as

Convergence, OcularEsotropiaOcular Motility DisordersOculomotor MusclesOphthalmologic Surgical ProceduresPostoperative ComplicationsVision, BinocularAgedAged, 80 and overEye MovementsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID41161666
PMCPMC13075389

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.