The closed nutrient recycling system in the

Kaoru Okada, Takayuki Fujiwara, Shunsuke Hirooka, Yusuke Kobayashi, Ryo Onuma, Shin-Ya Miyagishima

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

First Direct Evidence for a Structurally Stable Adhesion Between the Perialgal Vacuole Membrane and Host Mitochondria in theBiomolecules · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kaoru OkadaDepartment of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.ORCID 0009-0001-4412-9071

Takayuki FujiwaraDepartment of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-6226-3955

Shunsuke HirookaDepartment of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-6247-8104

Yusuke KobayashiCollege of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-8242-0874

Ryo OnumaKobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, 2746 Iwaya, Awaji, Hyogo 656-2401, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-1592-0814

Shin-Ya MiyagishimaDepartment of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-9111-0832

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Endosymbiotic relationships between a heterotrophic host and a unicellular algal endosymbiont are observed across many eukaryotic lineages. Although these relationships are prevalent in oligotrophic environments, how they function and provide an advantage under such conditions remains largely unknown. To address these issues, we examined the behavior of the ciliate

Indexed as

ChlorellaNutrientsParameciumSymbiosisLightNitrogenNitrogenNutrients

Identifiers

PMID41160687

DOI10.1126/sciadv.adz0004

PMCPMC12571070

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.