Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41160605›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Testing paradox may explain increased observed prevalence of bacterial STIs among MSM on HIV PrEP: A modeling study.

Laura Müller, Piklu Mallick, Antonio B Marín-Carballo, Philipp Dönges, Robyn J N Kettlitz, Carolina J Klett-Tammen, Mirjam Kretzschmar, Viola Priesemann, Seba Contreras

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Mechanics of pandemics.EClinicalMedicine · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Laura Müller *Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany.ORCID 0009-0000-2606-1117
Piklu Mallick *Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9612-1912
Antonio B Marín-Carballo *Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
Philipp Dönges *Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
Robyn J N KettlitzDepartment of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Lower Saxony 38124, Germany.
Carolina J Klett-TammenDepartment of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Lower Saxony 38124, Germany.
Mirjam KretzschmarUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4394-7697
Viola PriesemannMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8905-5873
Seba ContrerasMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen 37077, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8909-774X

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) infoXpand (031L0300A)Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) RESPINOW (031L0298)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) EXC 2067/1-390729940 (MBExC)Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG) MPRG Priesemann
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is transforming global HIV prevention, but its implementation coincides with observations of rising bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates among men who have sex with men, raising questions about whether PrEP is preventing one epidemic while facilitating others. To reconcile this apparent contradiction, we developed a minimal dynamical model of the simultaneous transmission of HIV and

Indexed as

Chlamydia InfectionsHIV InfectionsHomosexuality, MalePre-Exposure ProphylaxisSexually Transmitted Diseases, BacterialHumansMaleModels, TheoreticalPrevalenceasymptomatic screeningHIV PrEPMSMpublic healthSTI

Identifiers

PMID41160605
PMCPMC12595453

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.