ReviewVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2026
Differential diagnosis and predictive markers of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNET).
Review in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) are well-differentiated neoplasms that present with a variable clinical picture and prognosis. This makes accurate classification essential for guiding treatment and assessing outcomes. The current WHO classification system categorises PanNETs according to their proliferative activity. A morphological assessment combined with immunohistochemistry is central to the diagnosis, as it confirms neuroendocrine differentiation and rules out differential diagnoses. Nevertheless, panels targeting neuroendocrine and lineage-specific markers can enhance diagnostic confidence. Both histological and molecular predictive biomarkers are playing an increasingly significant role in tumour classification, prognosis and therapeutic decision-making. This review highlights the current morphological and immunohistochemical criteria for PanNET diagnosis and emphasises the growing importance of predictive biomarkers.
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