SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Viral Infections and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Recombinant shingles vaccination and the risk of cardiovascular events.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Co-managing the double burden: strategies for simultaneously tackling infectious and non-communicable diseases.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Research progress on the association between viruses and cardiac diseases.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Unmet Cardiovascular Risk Beyond LDL-C: A Perspective on Managing Residual Cardiovascular Risk.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Respiratory syncytial virus infections and myocardial injury: the GEMINI Initiative.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus and Aging-How Can the Field Move Forward?The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Potential Public Health and Economic Impact of the Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccine mRNA-1283 in The Netherlands.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Third Year in Review, Fourth Year in Preview, and the 2025Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Herpes Zoster in Aging Patients: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Human papillomavirus infection and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review of epidemiological evidence, molecular mechanisms, and vaccination-mediated protection.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Shifts in seasonal timing of respiratory diseases and causes of death following a natural pandemic event.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Disturbed regulation of immunothrombosis in cerebral ischemia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the association of viral infections with the risk of cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.
methodsMEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, African-Wide Information, and the Cochrane Library database were searched from inception to July 2024.
resultsWe included 155 studies. HIV infection was consistently associated with an elevated risk of CHD (pooled adjusted risk ratio [RR], 1.60 [95% CI, 1.38-1.85]) and stroke (RR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.26-1.67]). SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an increased risk of CHD (RR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.44-2.11]) and stroke (RR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.23-2.31]). In self-controlled case series studies, laboratory-confirmed influenza infection was associated with an elevated risk of acute myocardial infarction (pooled incidence rate ratio, 4.01 [95% CI, 2.66-6.05]) and stroke during the first 1 month (incidence rate ratio, 5.01 [95% CI, 3.41-7.37]). In cohort studies, hepatitis C virus infection was associated with a higher risk of CHD (RR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.13-1.42]) and stroke (RR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.04-1.46]). Herpes zoster was also associated with an elevated risk of CHD (RR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.08-1.15]) and stroke (RR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.09-1.27]). There is insufficient evidence to determine the effect of cytomegalovirus on cardiovascular disease. Although on a limited basis, hepatitis A virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, respiratory syncytial virus, human papillomavirus, dengue, and chikungunya have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
conclusionsInfluenza, SARS-CoV-2, HIV, hepatitis C virus, and herpes zoster were associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. Vaccines may play an important role in preventing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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