Observational studyPediatric pulmonology2025
Phenotype Overlap and Lung Function in Childhood Asthma: The Interaction Between T2 and Non-T2 Responses.
Observational study in Pediatric pulmonology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Metabolomic Approaches to Lung Function in Pediatric Asthma: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between asthma severity, lung function and serum levels of cytokines associated with T-helper type 2 (T2) and non-T2 responses in children and adolescents.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited children and adolescents (7-17 years old) with asthma. Asthma severity was classified by daily corticosteroid dosage and pulmonary function, while asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test and the Child Asthma Control Test. Spirometry, blood collection for cytokine analysis (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFNγ, TNF-α), and induced sputum collection for cellularity evaluation were performed.
resultsA total of 80 participants were included, with a mean age of 11.9 years, and 60% were male. Severe asthma was observed in 17.5%, and 15% had uncontrolled asthma. No differences in sputum cellularity were found (p = 0.509). Cytokine levels of TNF-α (p = 0.043) and IL-5 (p = 0.010) differed by asthma severity. Negative correlations were observed between cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17) and spirometric parameters. IL-17 (p = 0.001) and IL-5 (p = 0.045) levels varied with airway obstruction, and IL-17 levels differed with bronchodilator response in FEV1 (p = 0.041).
conclusionsOur findings highlight the heterogeneity of immune responses in childhood asthma. Cytokines from both T2 and non-T2 pathways were associated with lung function impairment, underscoring the interplay of diverse immune responses in the complexity of asthma pathophysiology.
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Registered trials
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