Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41159104›Full record

ArticleOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2025

High serological barriers may contribute to restricted Influenza-A-virus transmission between pigs and humans.

Christin Hennig, Annika Graaf-Rau, Kathrin Schmies, Roland Elling, Philipp Henneke, Ralf Dürrwald, Elisabeth Grosse Beilage, Martin Schwemmle, Martin Beer, Timm Harder

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Christin HennigInstitute for Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Annika Graaf-RauInstitute for Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Kathrin SchmiesField Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bakum, Germany.
Roland EllingCenter for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, and Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Philipp HennekeInstitute for Infection Prevention and Control & Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Ralf DürrwaldNational Influenza Center, Unit 17 Influenza and other respiratory viruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Elisabeth Grosse BeilageField Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bakum, Germany.
Martin SchwemmleInstitute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Martin BeerInstitute for Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Timm HarderInstitute for Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Influenza A viruses (IAV) circulate in both humans and pigs, with bidirectional transmission potentially driving viral evolution. Despite frequent contact and genetic compatibility, observed cross-species transmission remains rare, suggesting the presence of unexplored or little-known barriers. The study investigated transmission dynamics and mechanisms restricting IAV spread at the human-swine interface in Germany. We analyzed 3070 porcine and 333 human nasal swabs from 135 swine farms via RT-qPCR and full-genome sequencing. Concurrently, we conducted serological surveys: 1) Children's sera (urban, no pig contact) for antibodies against circulating swine IAV, and 2) Swine sera for antibodies against human-adapted IAV. Molecular surveillance identified only one zooanthroponosis event and sporadic anthropozoonosis (primarily in children) despite swine IAV strains carrying zoonotic-propensity genetic markers (MxA resistance). Serologically, urban children without pig exposure exhibited marked neutralizing activity against swine IAV, whereas swine sera contained neutralizing antibodies against human IAV strains. Pre-existing cross-reactive immunity-evidenced by unexpected antibody prevalence in both species-creates a more complex interspecies barrier than genetic factors alone. This serological "shield" may critically limit IAV transmission between humans and pigs, reshaping our understanding of zoonotic risk.

Indexed as

AnthropozoonosisHuman-swine interfaceInfluenza A virusOne-HealthSpillover infectionSwine influenza virusZooanthroponosisZoonosis

Identifiers

PMID41159104
PMCPMC12555762

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.