Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41158748›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science : water research & technology2025

Importance of a heat snap in RT-PCR quantification of rotavirus double-stranded RNA in wastewater.

Seju Kang, Anna Wettlauffer, Jolinda de Korne-Elenbaas, Charles B Niwagaba, Linda Strande, Dorothea Duong, Bridgette Shelden, Timothy R Julian, Alexandria B Boehm

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science : water research & technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Seju KangEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Duebendorf Switzerland Tim.Julian@eawag.ch.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-4829
Anna WettlaufferEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Duebendorf Switzerland Tim.Julian@eawag.ch.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7560-9573
Jolinda de Korne-ElenbaasEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Duebendorf Switzerland Tim.Julian@eawag.ch.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2787-6355
Charles B NiwagabaCollege of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University Kampala Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-1939
Linda StrandeEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Duebendorf Switzerland Tim.Julian@eawag.ch.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4477-6268
Dorothea DuongVerily Life Sciences, LLC South San Francisco CA USA.
Bridgette SheldenVerily Life Sciences, LLC South San Francisco CA USA.
Timothy R JulianEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Duebendorf Switzerland Tim.Julian@eawag.ch.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-0306
Alexandria B BoehmCivil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University Stanford CA USA aboehm@stanford.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8162-5090

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Quantification of copies of double stranded RNA using RT-PCR methods may require denaturation of the double stranded structure using an initial high temperature incubation followed by rapid cooling, herein called "heat snap". Papers in the literature that report rotavirus RNA concentrations in fecal and environmental samples do not consistently report the use of such a "heat snap". In this study, we quantified rotavirus RNA in diverse environmental samples (wastewater solids, wastewater, and drainage samples) using digital RT-PCR methods with and without a heatsnap. Concentrations were higher in samples by a factor of 125 when a heat snap was applied. This was consistent across sample types, and across laboratories and PCR instrumentation. We recommend a heat snap be used when enumerating double stranded RNA from rotavirus and other double stranded RNA viruses in environmental samples.

Identifiers

PMID41158748
PMCPMC12558032

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.