ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2025
Multiteaching style and active reflection for swimming.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of different pedagogical swimming teaching modes on teenagers' emotional adjustment ability and social adaptability.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- The teaching swimming for understanding framework: an integrated approach to aquatic education for children and instructors.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A student-centred approach is widely used in team sports, but less so in swimming. A proper dosage of stimuli and a multiteaching approach, where games can link understanding and motor competence, could lead to educational success. This study investigated the didactical, methodological, and personal competencies of swimming instructors (SI) and their relationships with children's actual and perceived aquatic competencies. Two hundred children and 44 SI participated in the study. The Teaching Styles Questionnaire (TSQ) assessed the instructors' self-reported awareness of the teaching styles they use, which was compared with the experimenters' observations (as recorded by IESPES, System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time, and Instrument for Identifying Teaching Styles tools). The instructors' empathy and self-control were further evaluated, while two pictorial scales assessed the children's actual and perceived aquatic competence. TSQ confirmed the instructors' predominant use of monoteaching pedagogy, primarily characterized by linear (command and practice) styles (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.