ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
Zinc deficiency and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Serum zinc deficiency and progression of cardiovascular- kidney-metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Iron deficiency anemia and the risk of new-onset tinnitus in female patients: a cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10-20% of all strokes but contributes disproportionately to stroke-related mortality and disability. Zinc, an essential trace element crucial for vascular integrity and antioxidant defense, may influence cerebrovascular health through mechanisms affecting endothelial function and blood-brain barrier stability. However, no large-scale longitudinal study has examined the association between zinc deficiency and ICH risk. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Research Network database, including adults who underwent serum zinc testing between 2010 and 2023. Patients were categorized into zinc deficiency (serum zinc <70 μg/dL) and control groups (70-120 μg/dL). After applying exclusion criteria and 1:1 propensity score matching based on demographics, comorbidities, medications, and laboratory values, we analyzed the association between zinc deficiency and 12-month outcomes, including ICH, mortality, pneumonia, poor blood pressure control, and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The final matched cohort included 147,302 patients (73,651 per group). Zinc-deficient patients demonstrated a significantly elevated risk of ICH [hazard ratio (HR): 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35-2.25, Conclusion: Zinc deficiency is a novel, independent, and potentially modifiable risk factor for ICH. The dose-dependent relationship and consistency across patient populations supports biological plausibility. These findings suggest that routine zinc assessment and targeted supplementation in deficient patients may offer new opportunities for ICH prevention, warranting prospective intervention trials to establish causality and optimal therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.