Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41158536›Full record

ArticleJournal of exercise science and fitness2025

Influence of a diaphragmatic fatigue protocol in healthy male population on muscle strength, respiratory function and exercise capacity: A randomized clinical trial.

Marta de-la-Plaza-San-Frutos, Alberto Sánchez Sierra, Ángel González de la Flor, Diego Domínguez-Balmaseda, María Bravo Aguilar, José Ángel Del Blanco Múñiz, Beatriz Ruiz Ruiz, Arturo Ladriñán Maestro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of exercise science and fitness, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. [Research on a muscle fatigue quantification based on an improved critical power model].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Marta de-la-Plaza-San-FrutosDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Alberto Sánchez SierraDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Ángel González de la FlorDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Diego Domínguez-BalmasedaDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
María Bravo AguilarDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
José Ángel Del Blanco MúñizDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Beatriz Ruiz RuizDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Arturo Ladriñán MaestroTherapeutic Exercise and Functional Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Inspiratory muscle fatigue has been shown to impair physical performance. This study investigated the impact of a specific inspiratory muscle fatigue protocol on lower limb muscle strength and cardiorespiratory outcomes in a cohort of physically active individuals. Method: A randomized controlled trial, adhering to CONSORT guidelines to ensure methodological rigor. Healthy male participants were randomly assigned to an inspiratory muscle fatigue group (EG) or control load group (CG). The EG performed a diaphragmatic fatigue protocol involving inspiratory exercises at 60 % of their maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), while the CG performed two sets of 30 repetitions at 15 % of MIP. Measurements, including countermovement jump (CMJ), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, half squat (HS), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO Results: Forty participants completed the study. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for CMJ (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.405), FEV1 (p = 0.030; η2p = 0.118), FEV1/FVC (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.279) and HS (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.332), all with moderate to large effect sizes. Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant decrease in CMJ in the EG (p < 0.001, -8.4 %), while the CG showed no significant change (p = 0.092). FEV Conclusions: Diaphragmatic fatigue significantly impairs lower limb strength in physically active individuals, potentially compromising athletic performance and increasing injury risk. These findings enhance understanding of the interplay between respiratory and muscular strength in athletes.

Identifiers

PMID41158536
PMCPMC12557569

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.