SynthesisClinical and experimental dental research2025
The Impact of Antioxidant Adjuncts on Periodontal Health in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy of antioxidants supplementation as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy: an umbrella meta-analysis.Odontology · 2026Review
- Periodontitis and diabetes: a bidirectional link.Acta diabetologica · 2026Review
- Periodontal management in patients with diabetes: the impact of periodontal treatment on cardiometabolic biomarkers.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes (T2D) underscores the need for adjunctive therapies to enhance nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of antioxidants in improving periodontal and glycemic outcomes in T2D patients with periodontitis. MATERIAL AND
methodsA systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. Antioxidants tested were melatonin, propolis, lycopene, ginger, vitamin C, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs), and grape seed extract. Outcomes (clinical attachment level [CAL], probing depth [PD], gingival index [GI], HbA1c) were analyzed using random-effects models (mean differences, 95% CIs). Risk of bias was assessed via the Cochrane criteria.
resultsEight randomized controlled trials (RCTs, n = 315) were identified. Adjunctive antioxidants significantly improved CAL (melatonin: SMD -2.28, 95% CI -3.01 to -1.56; propolis: SMD -3.83, -4.79 to -2.87) and PD (melatonin: SMD -2.40, -3.14 to -1.66; propolis: SMD -1.78, -2.44 to -1.11). Melatonin and propolis also reduced HbA1c (melatonin: SMD -2.28; propolis: SMD -3.83). Lycopene and ginger showed modest effects, while vitamin C and O3FAs had minimal impact. Evidence certainty was moderate for CAL/HbA1c and low for PD/GI.
conclusionAntioxidants, particularly melatonin and propolis, enhance periodontal and glycemic outcomes in T2D-periodontitis patients. Despite promising results, limitations include small sample sizes and heterogeneity. Larger RCTs are needed to optimize protocols.
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