Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41157553›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

BLE-Based Custom Devices for Indoor Positioning in Ambient Assisted Living Systems: Design and Prototyping.

David Díaz-Jiménez, José L López Ruiz, Juan Carlos Cuevas-Martínez, Joaquín Torres-Sospedra, Enrique A Navarro, Macarena Espinilla Estévez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

David Díaz-JiménezComputer Science Department, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1791-4258
José L López RuizComputer Science Department, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2583-8638
Juan Carlos Cuevas-MartínezTelecommunication Engineering Department, University of Jaén, 23700 Linares, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3749-5986
Joaquín Torres-SospedraComputer Science Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4338-4334
Enrique A NavarroComputer Science Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8365-0233
Macarena Espinilla EstévezComputer Science Department, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1118-7782

Funding

Agencia Estatal de Investigación PDC2023-145863-I00Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2021-127275OB-I00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This work presents the design and prototyping of two reconfigurable BLE-based devices developed to overcome the limitations of commercial platforms in terms of configurability, data transparency, and energy efficiency. The first is a wearable smart wristband integrating inertial and biometric sensors, while the second is a configurable beacon (ASIA Beacon) able to dynamically adjust key transmission parameters such as channel selection and power level. Both devices were engineered with energy-aware components, OTA update support, and flexible 3D-printed enclosures optimized for residential environments. The firmware, developed under Zephyr RTOS, exposes data through standardized interfaces (GATT, MQTT), facilitating their integration into IoT architectures and research-oriented testbeds. Initial experiments carried out in an anechoic chamber demonstrated improved RSSI stability, extended autonomy (up to 4 months for beacons and 3 weeks for the wristband), and reliable real-time data exchange. These results highlight the feasibility and potential of the proposed devices for future deployment in ambient assisted living environments, while the focus of this work remains on the hardware and software development process and its validation.

Indexed as

bluetooth low energyfog computingGATTindoor localizationreconfigurable systemswearable devicesZephyr RTOS

Identifiers

PMID41157553
PMCPMC12567727

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.