Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41157523›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Internet of Things Node with Real-Time LoRa GEO Satellite Connectivity for Agrifood Chain Tracking in Remote Areas.

Giacomo Giannetti, Marco Badii, Giovanni Lasagni, Stefano Maddio, Giovanni Collodi, Monica Righini, Alessandro Cidronali

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Giacomo GiannettiDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, IT-50139 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4318-8176
Marco BadiiDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, IT-50139 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-9436-5439
Giovanni LasagniDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, IT-50139 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0009-0004-4032-6221
Stefano MaddioDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, IT-50139 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4481-1791
Giovanni CollodiDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, IT-50139 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4507-6888
Monica RighiniDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, IT-50139 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5418-4704
Alessandro CidronaliDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, IT-50139 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1064-7305

Funding

European Union Next-GenerationEU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR)) MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4 - D.D. 1032 17/06/2022, CN00000022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This work presents an Internet of Things (IoT) node designed for low-power agrifood chain tracking in remote areas, where long-range terrestrial communication is either unavailable or severely limited. The novelty of this study lies in the development and characterization of an IoT node prototype that leverages direct-to-satellite connectivity through a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite, using long-range frequency-hopping spread spectrum (LR-FHSS) modulation in the licensed S-band. The prototype integrates a microcontroller unit that manages both the radio modem and a suite of sensors, enclosed in a plastic box suitable for field deployment. Characterization in an anechoic chamber demonstrated a maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 27.5 dBm, sufficient to establish a reliable satellite link. The onboard sensors provide global positioning as well as measurements of acceleration, temperature, humidity, and solar radiation intensity. Prototype performance was assessed in two representative scenarios: stationary and mobile. Regarding energy consumption, the average charge drained by the radio modem per transmission cycle was measured to be 356 mC. With a battery pack composed of four 2500 mAh NiMH cells, the estimated upper bound on the number of transmitted packets is approximately 25,000.

Indexed as

agrifood chain traceabilitydirect-to-satellite IoTGEO satelliteInternet of Remote ThingsInternet of Thingslong-range frequency hopping spread spectrumLoRasatellite communicationswireless sensor networks

Identifiers

PMID41157523
PMCPMC12568013

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.