ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Ischemia with No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (INOCA): A Review.
Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIschemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is characterized by myocardial ischemia in the absence of significant coronary artery stenosis. Despite the lack of major obstructive lesions, patients often present with chest pain, making diagnosis and management a significant challenge. MATERIALS AND
methodsA comprehensive search strategy of electronic databases (2000 to 2024) was used to identify studies assessing pathophysiology, diagnosis, surgical treatments, interventions, and outcomes in INOCA. Clinical trials, observational studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies were included.
resultsEmerging surgical treatments may have a role in certain subgroups of INOCA patients, particularly those with severe and persistent symptoms or underlying pathophysiological factors that do not respond adequately to pharmacological therapies. Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) and sympathetic denervation procedures reduce coronary vasospasm in refractory angina. Trials have shown promise for coronary sinus occlusion. Autologous stem cell therapy is an innovative surgical approach that has shown promise in early trials but remains investigational. Selective surgical cardiac vein retroperfusion remains largely experimental, with limited clinical data.
conclusionsThis review highlights the need for ongoing research and clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of surgical and nonsurgical options in INOCA. Although current data on surgical interventions is limited, these treatments may offer hope for patients with refractory symptoms. A personalized and multidisciplinary approach to management is essential for optimal patient outcomes.
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