ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Sex Differences in Foot Arch Structure Affect Postural Control and Energy Flow During Dynamic Tasks.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated sex differences in foot arch structure and function, and their impact on postural control and energy flow during dynamic tasks. Findings aim to inform sex-specific training, movement assessment, and injury prevention strategies.
methodsA total of 108 participants (53 males and 55 females) underwent foot arch morphological assessments and performed a sit-to-stand (STS). Motion data were collected using an infrared motion capture system, three-dimensional force plates, and wireless surface electromyography. A rigid body model was constructed in Visual3D, and joint forces, segmental angular and linear velocities, center of pressure (COP), and center of mass (COM) were calculated using MATLAB. Segmental net energy was integrated to determine energy flow across different phases of the STS.
resultsArch stiffness was significantly higher in males. In terms of postural control, males exhibited significantly lower mediolateral COP frequency and anteroposterior COM peak velocity during the pre-seat-off phase, and lower COM displacement, peak velocity, and sample entropy during the post-seat-off phase compared to females. Conversely, males showed higher anteroposterior COM velocity before seat-off, and greater anteroposterior and vertical momentum after seat-off (
conclusionsSignificant sex differences in foot arch function influence postural control and energy transfer during STS. Compared to males, females rely on more frequent postural adjustments to compensate for lower arch stiffness, which may increase mechanical loading on the knee and ankle and elevate injury risk.
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