ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Attenuates Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Induced by Adipocyte-Macrophage Coculture.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Retinoic acid in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Co-Administration of Trans-Resveratrol and L-Carnitine with a High-Fat and High-Carbohydrate Diet Modulates Liver Transcriptome in Obesity-Resistant DBA/2J Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Effects of All-Trans Retinoic Acid on Ovarian Development, Lipid Metabolism, Nutritional Quality, and Gut Microbiota of Female Chinese Mitten Crab During Fattening Period.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Promotes Macrophage Inflammation Through Reduction of Adipocyte‑Derived Adiponectin.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Anti-Diabetic Effects of Ayanin, a Flavonoid Compound, in STZ/HFD-Induced Diabetic Mice by Upregulating GLUT4 and Suppressing Macrophage-Driven Inflammation in Adipose Tissues.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
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Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, largely driven by macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. This study examined the effects of ATRA on inflammation and insulin resistance using a coculture model comprising hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. Coculture markedly elevated the production of pro-inflammatory mediators-including nitric oxide, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6-and increased free fatty acid release while suppressing the secretion of anti-inflammatory adiponectin. Treatment with ATRA (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) significantly reversed these coculture-induced alterations (
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