Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41156951›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Impact of Autoclaving on the Material Properties of Vat-Photopolymerization-Produced Components Intended for Bioprocess Engineering.

Lauri Hoffmann, Bruno Gallace, Clara Herr, Kai Scherer, Adrian Huwer, Percy Kampeis, Roland Ulber, Michael Wahl

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lauri HoffmannInstitute for Operations and Technology Management, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Campusallee, 55768 Hoppstädten-Weiersbach, Germany.ORCID 0009-0000-0781-9121
Bruno GallaceInstitute for Operations and Technology Management, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Campusallee, 55768 Hoppstädten-Weiersbach, Germany.
Clara HerrInstitute of Biotechnical Process Design, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Campusallee, 55768 Hoppstädten-Weiersbach, Germany.
Kai SchererInstitute for Operations and Technology Management, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Campusallee, 55768 Hoppstädten-Weiersbach, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0008-7305
Adrian HuwerInstitute for Operations and Technology Management, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Campusallee, 55768 Hoppstädten-Weiersbach, Germany.
Percy KampeisInstitute of Biotechnical Process Design, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Campusallee, 55768 Hoppstädten-Weiersbach, Germany.
Roland UlberInstitute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7674-0967
Michael WahlInstitute for Operations and Technology Management, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Campusallee, 55768 Hoppstädten-Weiersbach, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9448-918X

Funding

Joint economic conference of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research Germany and the Federal state of Rhineland-PalatinateMinistry of Science and Health Rhineland-Palatinate 7208-0014#2023/0003-1501 15401
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Due to a lack of investigated materials for the additive manufacturing of multi-use functional parts in bioprocess engineering, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of multiple autoclaving cycles on the properties of a heat-resistant material (xPeek147) printed with vat photopolymerization. Sample bodies were tested regarding their mechanical properties of tensile strength, elongation at break, and Charpy impact, as well as surface properties of roughness and wettability after up to 50 autoclaving cycles (121 °C, 2 bars, 15 min). The tightness was checked after up to 20 cycles, and accuracy was inspected for manufactured benchmark bodies after up to 10 autoclaving cycles. The reported results showed no significant changes in tensile strength, elongation at break and Charpy impact after 20 cycles, but a significant decrease after 50 autoclaving cycles, accompanied by microcracks in the structure. Regarding the surface properties the material retained its hydrophilicity, and the surface roughness was not affected significantly. No changes in tightness occurred, and the benchmark bodies for dimensional changes showed no process-relevant deviations. Through the investigations, a material for the additive manufacturing of multi-use functional parts for bioprocess engineering was identified. Additionally, a testing method for materials with the same intended application was provided.

Indexed as

additive manufacturingautoclavablemechanical propertiessteam sterilizationstereolithographysurface propertiesvat photopolymerization

Identifiers

PMID41156951
PMCPMC12566325

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.