A Comprehensive Analysis of the Effectiveness of a Water-Based Extraction Method in Cement Bypass Dust Valorization.

The solid by-product from cement kiln gas installations, known as cement bypass dust (CBPD), is rich in chlorides, which limits the reuse of materials in cement. In this study, three types of CBPD were subjected to an extraction process to obtain a low-chlorine waste material. The relationships between the process parameters, including extraction time (1, 2, 5, 10, and 30 min), temperature (21, 45, and 90 °C), and extraction efficiency, were investigated. The chlorine removal efficiency ranged from 70% to 90%, with the optimal time and temperature identified as 1 min and 21 °C, respectively. Furthermore, a comprehensive characterization of CBPD was conducted before and after the extraction process using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR); an approach not yet extensively reported in the literature. The results demonstrated that chloride removal corresponded to an increase in concentrations of Ca, Al, Si, Mg, and Fe oxides in the solid residue. For CBPD samples with initial chloride contents of 13.65% and 15.43%, calcium content in the residue increased by approximately 40%. No linear and predictable relationship was observed between the leaching time or temperature and the release of metals in the solid residue.