Nanomaterials Covered with Cell Membranes for Intracellular Delivery Without Lysosomal Degradation and Innate Immunity Induction.

Olga Morozova, Ekaterina Obraztsova, Dmitry Klinov

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Olga MorozovaFederal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine Named After Y.M. Lopukhin of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-9630-0777

Ekaterina ObraztsovaFederal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine Named After Y.M. Lopukhin of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-0086-0970

Dmitry KlinovFederal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine Named After Y.M. Lopukhin of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia.

Funding

Russian Science Foundation 25-15-00246).

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cellular uptake of nanomaterials is based on endocytosis with their endosomal-lysosomal entrapment resulting in enzymatic hydrolysis. Besides biodegradation, the antigen presentation induces innate and adaptive immunity. Our goal was isolation of extracellular particles to study their structures, penetration into cells, stability, intracellular distribution, and interferon (IFN) production. Extracellular nanomaterials were isolated from conditioned culture media of human embryonic and cancer cells by two-stage differential centrifugation. Cellular uptake of Cy5-labeled particles was evaluated using spectrofluorimetry and confocal fluorescent microscopy. IFN gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcription with real-time PCR and ELISA. Vesicles of 10-200 nm were isolated by centrifugation at 20,800×

Indexed as

Cell MembraneImmunity, InnateLysosomesNanostructuresCell Line, TumorEndocytosisExtracellular VesiclesHumansInterferonsInterferonsconfocal fluorescent microscopydynamic light scattering (DLS)extracellular vesiclesinterferon (IFN) gene expressionlow-speed centrifugationlysosome stainingscanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)

Identifiers

PMID41155534

DOI10.3390/ijms262010244

PMCPMC12564153

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.