ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Biomolecular Correlates of Chronic Affective Dysregulation in PTSD: A Combined Assessment Using the Cornell Dysthymia Rating Scale (CDRS) and the Serum Markers SUMO1, MDA, CX3CL1, and UCHL1.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently comorbid with persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), indicating shared neurobiological pathways that influence stress modulation, emotional regulation, and neurohormonal adaptation. This study examines the roles of serum biomarkers-small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1), malondialdehyde (MDA), fractalkine (CX3CL1), and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1)-involved in oxidative stress management, neuroimmune regulation, and neuronal proteostasis. In this cross-sectional analysis, biomarker expression was assessed in 92 male trauma-exposed participants aged 19-50 years, divided into three groups: PTSD duration ≤ 5 years (n = 33, median age 34.0 years [IQR 31.0-41.0]), PTSD duration > 5 years (n = 31, median age 36.0 years [IQR 29.5-41.0]), and controls without current or past PTSD (n = 28, median age 33.5 years [IQR 24.3-41.5]). Participants were stratified into younger (19-34 years) and older (35-50 years) cohorts to account for age-related neurobiological variability. Dysthymic symptomatology was evaluated using the Cornell Dysthymia Rating Scale (CDRS), focusing on chronic subthreshold depressive features. Results indicated a significant association between PTSD and elevated dysthymic symptom burden (
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