Advanced Multiscale Attention Network for Estrous Cycle Stage Identification from Rat Vaginal Cytology.

In clinical medicine, rats are commonly used as experimental subjects. However, their estrous cycle significantly impacts their biological responses, leading to differences in experimental results. Therefore, accurately determining the estrous cycle is crucial for minimizing interference. Manually identifying the estrous cycle in rats presents several challenges, including high costs, long training periods, and subjectivity. To address these issues, this paper proposes a classification network, Spatial Long-distance EfficientNet (SLENet). This network is designed based on EfficientNet, specifically modifying the Mobile Inverted Bottleneck Convolution (MBConv) module by introducing a novel Spatial Efficient Channel Attention (SECA) mechanism to replace the original Squeeze Excitation (SE) module. Additionally, a non-local attention mechanism is incorporated after the last convolutional layer to enhance the network's ability to capture long-range dependencies. On 2655 microscopy images of rat vaginal epithelial cells (with 531 test), SLENet achieves 96.31% accuracy, surpassing EfficientNet (94.20%). This finding provides practical value for optimizing experimental design in rat-based studies such as reproductive and pharmacological research, but this study is limited to microscopy image data, without considering other factors; thus, future work could incorporate temporal pattern and multi-modal inputs to further enhance robustness.