ReviewCancers2025
Metronomic Chemotherapy in Dogs and Cats: Mechanisms, Indications, and Clinical Perspectives.
Rafael Costa Bitencourt, Giovanna Gabrielle Cruvinel, Verônica Maria Teixeira de Castro Terrabuio, Laís Calazans Menescal Linhares, Guilherme Andraus Bispo, Letícia Abrahão Anai, Márcia Ferreira da Rosa Sobreira, Annelise Carla Camplesi, Andrigo Barboza De Nardi, Aureo Evangelista Santana
Abstract readReview
In one paragraphReview in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
4 · The recordCorrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
10 authors.
Rafael Costa BitencourtDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane S/N-Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-9432-1777 Giovanna Gabrielle CruvinelDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane S/N-Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-6079-9235 Verônica Maria Teixeira de Castro TerrabuioDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane S/N-Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-7260-2236 Laís Calazans Menescal LinharesDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane S/N-Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
Guilherme Andraus BispoDepartment of Clinic, Surgery, and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Clóvis Pestana Street, 793-Dona Amélia, Araçatuba 16050-680, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-3608-8329 Letícia Abrahão AnaiDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane S/N-Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
Márcia Ferreira da Rosa SobreiraDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane S/N-Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
Annelise Carla CamplesiDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane S/N-Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-2601-1536 Andrigo Barboza De NardiDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane S/N-Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-6463-2144 Aureo Evangelista SantanaDepartment of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane S/N-Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
Metronomic chemotherapy (MC) represents an emerging strategy in veterinary oncology which involves the continuous or regularly scheduled administration of low-dose chemotherapeutic agents. Unlike conventional protocols known as maximum tolerated dose chemotherapy (MTDC), MC aims to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, stimulate antitumor immune responses, and delay or prevent the emergence of drug resistance. This review is structured into three key sections: the mechanisms of action of MC; its clinical indications in dogs and cats, particularly for advanced or treatment-resistant cancers; and reported outcomes regarding efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Additionally, we explore the growing interest in combining MC with other therapies, as well as the challenges and future directions for optimizing its use. Current evidence suggests that MC is a promising and well-tolerated option for managing various malignancies-such as carcinomas, sarcomas, and hemangiosarcomas-especially in patients who are not candidates for MTDC.
Indexed as
malignanciestreatmentveterinary oncology
Identifiers
PMID41154375
PMCPMC12562359
What OpenQuestion holds
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LicenceCC BY
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