Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41153713›Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2025

Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease-A Narrative Review.

Rafał Wójcik, Anna Dębska, Karol Zaczkowski, Bartosz Szmyd, Małgorzata Podstawka, Ernest J Bobeff, Michał Piotrowski, Paweł Ratajczyk, Dariusz J Jaskólski, Karol Wiśniewski

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rafał WójcikDepartment of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5688-738X
Anna DębskaDepartment of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.
Karol ZaczkowskiDepartment of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.
Bartosz SzmydDepartment of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4051-0887
Małgorzata PodstawkaDepartment of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.
Ernest J BobeffDepartment of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1891-3791
Michał PiotrowskiDepartment of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.
Paweł RatajczykDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland.
Dariusz J JaskólskiDepartment of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9971-9677
Karol WiśniewskiDepartment of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established neurosurgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly targeting motor symptoms resistant to pharmacological therapy. This review examines strategies to optimize DBS using advanced anatomical, functional, and imaging approaches. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) remains the principal target for alleviating bradykinesia and rigidity, while recent evidence highlights the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRTt) as an additional promising target, especially for tremor control. Clinical data demonstrate that co-stimulation of both STN and DRTt via electrode electric fields results in superior motor outcomes, including greater reductions in UPDRS-III scores and lower levodopa requirements. The review highlights the use of high-resolution MRI and diffusion tensor imaging tractography in visualizing STN and DRTt with high precision. These methods support accurate targeting and individualized treatment planning. Electric field modelling is discussed as a tool to quantify stimulation overlap with target structures and predict clinical efficacy. Anatomical variability in DRTt positioning relative to the STN is emphasized, supporting the need for patient-specific DBS approaches. Alternative and emerging DBS targets-including the pedunculopontine nucleus, zona incerta, globus pallidus internus, and nucleus basalis of Meynert-are discussed for their potential in treating axial and cognitive symptoms. The review concludes with a forward-looking discussion on network-based DBS paradigms, the integration of adaptive stimulation technologies, and the potential of multimodal imaging and electrophysiological biomarkers to guide therapy. Together, these advances support a paradigm shift from focal to network-based neuromodulation in PD management.

Indexed as

deep brain stimulationdentato-rubro-thalamic tractParkinson’s diseasesubthalamic nucleustractography

Identifiers

PMID41153713
PMCPMC12561515

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.