Exploring Parents' Violence Against School Teachers: Manifestation, Risk Factors, and Coping Strategies.

Research and public attention on violence directed toward school teachers are increasing. Yet to date, our knowledge on violence against teachers is limited, because most research has focused on student-perpetrated violence, largely overlooking the aggression directed at teachers by parents. To fill this gap in knowledge, this study used a qualitative approach based on in-depth semistructured interviews with 46 teachers, school leaders and policy-level managers to explore the phenomenon of parents' violence against teachers, including manifestation of the problem, risk factors, and effective coping strategies. Following the principles of grounded theory, the results suggest that parents' violence toward teachers takes various forms, mostly rudeness, shouting, intimidation, and verbal threats. These behaviors create complex challenges that affect teachers both personally and professionally, requiring coping mechanisms at the societal, school, community and individual levels. Effective strategies encompass improving the social and organizational climate in schools, providing mentoring and support, offering conflict management training for educators, and implementing comprehensive family-school partnership policies at the school level. Implications for research and policy are discussed.