Differences in Online Consumer Behavior: A Multi-Dimensional Comparative Study in the Context of European Digital Commerce.

Radovan Madlenak, Roman Chinoracky, Natalia Stalmasekova, Lucia Madlenakova

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Tier 1 evaluating the implementation of the Oliver McGowan Mandatory Training in learning disabilities and autism across interdisciplinarity health-related courses at Aston University.Frontiers in medicine · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Radovan MadlenakFaculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia.ORCID 0000-0002-4376-0830

Roman ChinorackyFaculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia.ORCID 0000-0003-4183-5883

Natalia StalmasekovaFaculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia.ORCID 0000-0003-2314-1984

Lucia MadlenakovaFaculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia.ORCID 0000-0002-0518-0325

Funding

Slovak Research and Development Agency VV-MVP-24-0375: An ethical concept for the use of artificial intelligence in higher educationUNIZA Grant Scheme Project 20450: Research on Consumer Behavior Using Neuroscience in Virtual and Real Environ-ments

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze international differences in online consumer behavior. The analysis was carried out on a sample of 763 participants from the countries of Spain, France, Poland and Russia. Online consumer behavior was examined from the perspective of seven dimensions: shipping-related concerns and preferences, price sensitivity and perceived cost advantage, quality perception, security concerns, time-related benefits, availability and quality of information, and shopping service satisfaction. Data were verified using Average inter-item correlation, the Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene Statistic. Subsequently, Welch's ANOVA and one-way ANOVA and the Games-Howell and Tukey HSD post hoc tests were applied. Statistically significant differences were fully identified in all examined dimensions. The largest differences were recorded in price sensitivity, shipping-related concerns and security concerns. The effect measurements, in addition to ANOVA and post hoc tests, confirm the significance of these differences. National context, shaped by culture, institutional trust and digital infrastructure, continues to influence online consumer behavior. The strategies that the businesses should adopt should focus on approaches that are tailor-made for a specific market. This means that adapting pricing models, strengthening trust (e.g., through secure payments and strengthening safe return policies), and adapting delivery options to local preferences can lead to improved customer satisfaction in cross-border e-commerce.

Indexed as

consumer perceptionscross-cultural differencesdeterminants of online shoppinge-commerceonline shopping behavior

Identifiers

PMID41153174

DOI10.3390/bs15101384

PMCPMC12562053

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.