Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41153023›Full record

ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2025

Evaluating survival trends over time in patients with metastatic breast cancer and brain metastases: a single center retrospective cohort study.

Nira A Krasnow, Michelle Jayaraj, Mia Salans, Kelsey Kuwahara, Maggie H Zhou, Samantha Fisch, Lauren Boreta, Steve E Braunstein, Manish K Aghi, Hemali Batra-Sharma and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Nira A KrasnowDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michelle JayarajDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mia SalansDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kelsey KuwaharaDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Maggie H ZhouDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Samantha FischDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lauren BoretaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Steve E BraunsteinDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Manish K AghiDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Hemali Batra-SharmaDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Melanie MajureDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jo ChienDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Hope S RugoDivision of Breast Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Ramin A MorshedDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Harish N VasudevanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michelle E MeliskoDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Laura A HuppertDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Laura.huppert@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-5608

Funding

UCSF Paul Calabresi K12 Career Development Program in Clinical OncologyK12CA260225 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BERGSLAND, EMILY K, BIVONA, TREVER G · 2021 to 2025
$2.6M
NCI NIH HHS K12 CA260225NCI NIH HHS K12CA260225
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundApproximately 20–30% of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) develop brain metastases (BM) over the course of their disease. It is critical to better understand risk factors and survival outcomes in these patients, including those treated in the modern treatment era.

methodsWe identified patients with MBC and BM diagnosed between 1997 and 2024 at our institution. Review of medical records was completed to identify key demographic, clinical, and survival characteristics.

resultsWe identified 507 patients with MBC and BMs with the following subtypes: HR+/HER2- (n = 184, 36.3%), HER2+ (n = 197, 38.9%), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC; n = 126, 24.9%). Median real-world overall survival (rwOS) from the diagnosis of first BM to death was 21.6 months with the longest median rwOS in patients with HER2+ disease (31.0 months) vs. patients with HR+/HER2- (19.6 months) or TNBC (12.8 months) (p < 0.001). By date of BM diagnosis 1997–2014 vs. 2015–2024 (divided by ~ 50% of patients in each time period), patients with HER2+ and TNBC lived longer in the more modern cohort compared to prior years (HER2+: 41.2 vs. 26.2 months, p = 0.002; TNBC: 14.9 vs. 7.0 p = 0.020). There was no statistically significant difference for patients with HR+/HER2- disease (16.5 vs. 21.6, p = 0.089). On multivariable analysis, HER2+ disease (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50–0.81, p < 0.001), BM surgical resection (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51–0.87, p = 0.002), and BM diagnosis after 2014 (HR 0.77, CI 0.63–0.95, p = 0.015) were associated with longer survival. TNBC (HR 1.46, CI 1.12–1.89, p = 0.004), having 6–10 BMs at baseline (HR 1.66, CI 1.14–2.42, p = 0.009), extracranial MBC (HR 1.34 CI 1.02–1.76, p = 0.034) and development of leptomeningeal disease (HR 1.41, CI 1.11–1.80, p = 0.005) were associated with shorter survival.

conclusionIn a cohort of > 500 patients with MBC BMs spanning > 25 years, median rwOS from the diagnosis of first BM was almost two years. Favorable factors included HER2+ disease, BM surgical resection, and diagnosis after 2014. Poor prognostic factors included TNBC, having 6–10 BMs, extracranial MBC, and development of LMD. Patients with HER2+ and TN MBC with BM had improved rwOS in a more modern cohort; this was not seen for HR+/HER2- patients, representing an area of ongoing unmet clinical need.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsBreast NeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPrognosisReceptors, EstrogenReceptors, ProgesteroneRetrospective StudiesTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsERBB2 protein, humanErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesReceptors, EstrogenReceptors, Progesterone

Identifiers

PMID41153023
PMCPMC12570416

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.