ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2025
Factors associated with postoperative rebound pain after peripheral nerve block anaesthesia for orthopedic trauma surgery: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Noninvasive Diagnostic Ultrasound-Guided Focused Ultrasound Enables Selective, Reversible Inhibition of Peripheral Nociceptive Fibers and Prevents Acute Pain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Predictive model for postoperative hyperalgesia in patients with lower limb fractures undergoing nerve block surgery.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Rebound pain following peripheral nerve block in extremity fracture surgery: pathophysiological mechanisms based on the "Triple-Hit" model and multimodal preventive strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPostoperative rebound pain, refers to an acute exacerbation of pain severity following the resolution of a peripheral nerve block (PNB). This transient but intense pain typically manifests within 24 h after block administration. Despite its clinical significance, rebound pain remains poorly characterized in trauma surgery populations.
objectiveThis retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the incidence and associated risk factors of rebound pain in orthopedic trauma surgery patients receiving PNB anaesthesia.
methodsAdult patients undergoing orthopedic trauma surgery with preoperative PNB between April 2023 and March 2025 were included. Rebound pain was operationally defined as a transition from well-controlled pain (numerical rating scale [NRS] ≤ 3) to severe pain (NRS ≥ 7) within 24 h post-block. Potential associations with rebound pain including patient characteristics, surgical and anesthetic factors were examined by using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
resultsFour hundred and thirty-five (41.9%) of 1037 included patients experienced postoperative rebound pain. Multivariable analysis showed that the factors independently associated with rebound pain were younger age (OR 0.797; 95% CI [0.655-0.971]), diabetes (OR 1.439; 95% CI [1.249-2.832]), preoperative moderate-to-severe pain (OR 2.353; 95% CI [2.234-2.543]), preoperative Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) elevation (OR 2.034; 95% CI [1.759-2.454]), and surgery involving bone (OR 2.786; 95% CI [2.553-3.147]), but a lower risk of rebound pain was perioperative i.v. dexamethasone (OR 0.462; 95% CI [0.304-0.632]) or i.v. dexmedetomidine (OR 0.363; 95% CI [0.238-0.545]). Despite a high incidence of rebound pain, there were high rates of patient satisfaction (80.5%), and there was no statistical difference in sleep quality.
conclusionsPostoperative rebound pain showed associations with younger age, diabetes, preoperative moderate-to-severe pain, preoperative NLR elevation, bone surgery, and absence of intraoperative use of i.v. dexamethasone or dexmedetomidine. The current data suggest that preventive measures remain clinically warranted, especially for at higher risk patients, though future studies are needed to refine optimal protocols.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.