Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41152809›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Menstruation and period poverty as an obstacle for girls' equal participation in education, Tanzania.

Vibeke Vågenes, Cecilie Grevstad

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Vibeke VågenesFaculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway. vvag@hvl.no.
Cecilie GrevstadFaculty of Education, University of Inland Norway, Hamar, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Monthly menstruation can complicate participation and achievement for schoolgirls. On a global scale, and in Tanzania, school enrolment of girls and boys are becoming equal, or even in favour of girls. However, in contrast to many other countries, Tanzanian boys on average score better than girls on secondary school exams. We argue that menstrual health management (MHM) difficulties are probably a barrier to female participation and success in secondary education. Factors like cultural beliefs and taboos, poverty, inadequate infrastructure at school and at home, lack of pads, and of relevant knowledge, are challenging to girls who are pursuing an education and at the same time balancing norms and ideals of traditions and of modernity. We argue that knowledge and openness concerning menstrual health management is needed, and that the school has an essential part to play in this.

Indexed as

MenstruationPovertyAdolescentChildFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMaleSchoolsTanzaniaGenderMenstrual Health ManagementPeriod PovertySchoolTanzania

Identifiers

PMID41152809
PMCPMC12570485

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.