ArticleBMC public health2025
The association between baseline and long-term status of metabolic score for insulin resistance index and the incidence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-Specific Associations of Triglyceride-Glucose Index and a Body Shape Index with Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Associations of eight insulin resistance-related indices and genetic risk with incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity among participants with hypertension: a large prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Observational
- Cumulative exposure and patterns of the cholesterol-HDL-C-glucose index and risk of new-onset cardiometabolic multimorbidity: 9-year longitudinal evidence from CHARLS.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) significantly shortens life expectancy. This study aimed to explore the relationship between baseline and longitudinal metabolic score for insulin resistance index (METS-IR) and CMM incidence in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.
methodsThe study included 8,050 participants for analysis. Long-term METS-IR status was assessed using two approaches: (1) the mean METS-IR calculated from two measurements and (2) the duration of high METS-IR exposure, categorized as 0, 2, or 4 years based on ROC-optimized cutoffs. The primary outcome was incident CMM, defined as the presence of at least two self-reported cardiometabolic conditions (diabetes, stroke, or cardiac disease). Multivariable logistic regression and nonparametric restricted cubic splines were employed to evaluate the risk and shape of the relationship between baseline and longitudinal METS-IR and CMM.
resultsDuring the 6-year follow-up, 540 participants developed CMM. Participants in the highest METS-IR tertile showed a significantly increased risk of developing CMM compared to those in the lowest tertile (baseline: OR 2.94, 95%CI 2.04–4.22; updated mean: OR 3.26, 95%CI 1.90–5.59). RCS analysis revealed a strong linear association for both baseline and updated mean METS-IR (both Plinearity<0.0001). Notably, participants with 2-year (OR 2.45, 95%CI 1.52–3.96) and 4-year (OR 3.46, 95%CI 2.18–5.51) high METS-IR exposure were associated with increased CMM risk compared to those with no exposure.
conclusionElevated baseline and long-term METS-IR, particularly sustained high exposure, were associated with higher CMM incidence in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
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