Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41152725›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2025

Global and regional burden of kidney cancer from 1990 to 2021: analysis and future predictions based on global burden of disease study.

Deng Li, Haochen Zhao, Siqi Fan, Jingxing Bai, Linfen Guo, Jia You, Wei Li, Xuewen Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Observational
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  7. Review
  8. Integrated analysis uncoversInternational journal of medical sciences · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Deng LiDepartment of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Haochen ZhaoDepartment of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Siqi FanDepartment of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Jingxing BaiDepartment of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Linfen GuoDepartment of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Jia YouDepartment of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Wei LiDepartment of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. 13881958922@163.com.
Xuewen XuDepartment of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. xwx_wchsu@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe incidence and mortality of kidney cancer vary widely globally. This study aims to examine the global burden and trends of kidney cancer from 1990 to 2021 and its associations with various factors.

methodsData on kidney cancer cases and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 were collected and analyzed globally. The age-period-cohort (APC) and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) models were used to track disease burden dynamics and predict future trends.

resultsGlobally, the incidence of kidney cancer increased from 1.6 × 105 in 1990 to 3.9 × 105 in 2021. China had the most cases, deaths and DALYs in 2021, followed by the United States. Cabo Verde had the fastest growth in ASRs, whereas Southern Latin America had the highest ASRs. Forty-nine countries or regions, mainly in Western Europe and North America, had a decreasing trend in ASR for mortality over the period. Overall, the burden of kidney cancer increased with a higher sociodemographic index (SDI). The APC and BAPC models predicted a steady decline in the ASRs for incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs for kidney cancer over the next 20 years. High body mass index (BMI) and smoking were major risk factors, with high BMI being prominent in low-SDI countries.

conclusionsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global burden of kidney cancer represented a significant health threat. Policies to reduce exposure to risk factors could be beneficial amid global aging trends.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseKidney NeoplasmsAgedBayes TheoremDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceQuality-Adjusted Life YearsRisk FactorsAge-period-cohortBayesian age-period-cohortBurden of diseasesCancer epidemiologyKidney cancerSocial-demographic index (SDI)

Identifiers

PMID41152725
PMCPMC12570411

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.