ArticleScientific reports2025
Ultrastructural evaluation of lithium-induced autophagic and mitochondrial stress in 3D endometrial and neuroblastoma spheroids.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lithium Chloride-Induced Nuclear Envelope Remodeling in 3D Endometrial Cancer Spheroids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Targeting Apoptosis-Resistant Proliferation: Imatinib-Based Combinations Induce Durable Cytostatic Arrest in 3D Endometrial Cancer Spheroids.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Cytostatic and Non-Apoptotic Effects of Vinorelbine-Based Therapy in 3D Endometrial Cancer Spheroids.Biology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Lithium chloride (LiCl), a widely used mood stabilizer, has been reported to modulate selective autophagy pathways, including mitophagy. However, its ultrastructural effects in three-dimensional (3D) tumor models remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we examined the subcellular alterations induced by LiCl in 3D spheroid cultures derived from Ishikawa endometrial cancer and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Spheroids were treated with 1, 10, or 50 mM LiCl and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analysis revealed double-membrane-bound vesicles surrounding degenerating mitochondria, along with cytoplasmic vacuolization and membrane remodeling. These morphological features are suggestive of mitophagic activity, accompanied by stress-related ultrastructural remodeling. Although molecular validation (e.g., LC3B or PINK1/Parkin Western blotting) was not performed, the observed ultrastructural profiles are consistent with organelle-selective autophagy. These findings underscore the dose-dependent cellular responses to LiCl and support the value of 3D cancer spheroids as models to explore non-canonical autophagy-related stress pathways. Future studies incorporating molecular markers such as LC3B, PINK1, Parkin, and Lamin B1 will be essential to confirm these observations.
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