ArticleBMJ open2025
Gender differences in clinical features, comorbidities and prognostic outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-a retrospective cohort analysis from the British Thoracic Society Interstitial Lung Disease Registry.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- IGF2BP3 promotes early angiogenesis in pulmonary fibrosis by stabilizing HIF-1α.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Sex-Dependent Integration of Symptoms and Functional Vulnerability in Interstitial Lung Disease: eurILDreg Study.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Article
- Upregulation of miRNA-374: A novel diagnostic biomarker and insight into inflammatory pathways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Phenotypes and Outcomes in Non-Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Interstitial Lung Disease: Results from the INSIGHTS-ILD Registry.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Article
- Proteome-Wide Serological Profiling Reveals Broad Elevation of EBV Immunity in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Spectrum of autoantibodies and other serological parameters in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Differences in all-cause mortality by sex in obstructive and restrictive lung diseases.Chronic respiratory diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), an unknown aetiology type of interstitial lung disease (ILD), carries the poorest prognosis and is more common in males and the elderly. Gender differences in baseline presentation, lung function and comorbidities may have an impact on prognostic outcomes.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to explore gender differences in clinical features, comorbidities and outcomes in IPF in a UK cohort.
methodThis was a retrospective cohort study analysing data from the British Thoracic Society UK IPF ILD Registry from January 2013 to February 2024. We compared baseline characteristics between males and females, and a survival analysis in both genders was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model.
resultsWe identified 6666 IPF patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 74.1±8.1. Our cohort was predominantly male (5197, 78%), with a higher proportion of current and ex-smokers compared with females (69.9% vs 59.9%, p<0.001) and higher rates of comorbidities such as ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes (19.7% vs 14.6% and 19.9% vs 11.2%, respectively, p<0.001). Baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted was 77.76±17.4 in males and 81.83±19.7 in females (p=0.001), while diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was similar between the two groups. In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, IHD and lower baseline FVC, DLCO was a poor survival predictor in males. Hiatus hernia is a protective factor. Conversely, disease duration of <12 months, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, not requiring oxygen at baseline and higher baseline DLCO predicted better survival in females.
conclusionGender differences in baseline characteristics and prognostic factors were observed in IPF. A gender-based approach in managing IPF is warranted, and further studies are needed to clarify these differences and their impact on IPF management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.