Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41151142›Full record

ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2025

Perspectives on prescribed safer supply programs among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland: A mixed methods study among individuals highly affected by drug toxicity.

Danielle German, Adrian Guta, Meredith Denney, Julie Evans, Mollie McMahon, Kim Ashburn, Kelci Reiss, Zachary Kosinski, Becky Genberg

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Danielle GermanJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: danielle.german@jhu.edu.
Adrian GutaSchool of Social Work, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
Meredith DenneyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Julie EvansJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mollie McMahonJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kim AshburnJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kelci ReissJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Zachary KosinskiIndependent, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Becky GenbergJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

Vaccine Response and Immunotherapeutics SWGP30AI094189 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Richard E. Chaisson · 2012 to 2026
$67.0M
Rapid Research for Xylazine ResponseR21DA060056 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI GENBERG, BECKY LYNN, GERMAN, DANIELLE · 2023 to 2024
$450k
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA060056
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo explore interest in, perspectives on, and implementation considerations for prescribed safer supply programs among people who inject drugs in the U.S.

methodsRapid mixed methods assessment May - June 2024 in Baltimore, Maryland, using respondent driven and criterion sampling among people reporting past year drug injection. Interviewer-administered surveys (n = 300) and explanatory embedded in-depth interviews (n = 26). Analysis of prescribed safer supply interest and implementation considerations included descriptive quantitative analysis, thematic qualitative analysis, and mixed methods joint display.

resultsUsing estimated population-level data, 87% (95% C.I. 77.0 - 95.9) were interested in participating in prescribed safer supply if available and legal. Interest was highest among older and unhoused participants and strongly associated with specific implementation preferences. Qualitative data revealed three explanations: Safety from overdose and other hazards of unpredictable street drugs; Reduced drug market crime and violence; and Life stability due to managed use and regular services. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests strong acceptability of prescribed safer supply to address the U.S. opioid crisis, including overdose, violence, and associated healthcare costs. We recommend further U.S. research and pilot projects.

Indexed as

Drug OverdoseIllicit DrugsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousAdultBaltimoreFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultIllicit DrugsDrug toxicityMixed methodsOverdosePeople who inject drugsSafer supply

Identifiers

PMID41151142
PMCPMC12860195

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.