Implementation Challenges of Remote Cancer Symptom Management With Electronic Patient‑Reported Outcomes in China's Primary Health Care Settings: Qualitative Study.

backgroundElectronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs)-based cancer symptom management presents an opportunity to improve patient outcomes by optimizing symptom detection and prompting clinician interventions in tertiary hospitals. However, real-world evidence is limited, especially in primary health care (PHC) settings, which are accompanied by more complex and unknown influencing factors.

objectiveWe conducted a qualitative study to identify facilitators and barriers associated with the implementation of ePRO-based symptom management in China's PHC settings under the implementation science (IS) framework. We further developed strategies and recommendations for real-world practices and health policies.

methodsThis qualitative study was conducted from October to December 2023 in 9 purposively selected PHC institutions (5 urban and 4 rural) across 5 administrative districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. Community-dwelling patients with cancer, PHC providers, and medical supervisors participated in semistructured interviews and focus group discussions. We used 2 subframeworks under the IS framework-the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change-to conduct data analysis and generate strategies.

resultsA total of 72 individuals were invited to participate in this study, including 35 community-dwelling patients with cancer (median 66, IQR 60-71.5 years; n=21, 60% men) and 23 PHC personnel (median 45, IQR 27-51 years; n=12, 52.17% men) who participated in semistructured interviews, and 14 medical supervisors (median 47.5, IQR 36.5-54 years; n=10, 71.43% men) who participated in focus group discussions. This study identified 29 barriers and 21 facilitators, and then developed 13 strategies. Crucial challenges include PHC providers' low self-efficacy and unclear role identification, coupled with community-dwelling patients' mistrust of primary care, cancer stigma, and fatalistic beliefs, which further reduce motivation; poor integration of ePRO with existing workflows and the absence of performance incentive mechanisms; a lack of nationwide standardized implementation guidelines and quality evaluation criteria; and outdated medical equipment and a limited range of medications. Common challenges included weak collaborative relationships and insufficient funding.

conclusionsGrounded in the IS framework, our study identifies 3 critical priorities for implementing ePRO-based cancer symptom management in PHC settings, including addressing individual-level motivational deficiencies among community-dwelling patients with cancer and PHC providers by resolving misconceptions, bridging knowledge gaps, and establishing supportive incentives; developing supportive medical partnerships and advancing tiered management systems to empower PHC settings; and creating standardized operational guidelines with clear workflows and implementing real-world data-driven regulatory feedback mechanisms to ensure quality control.