Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41150892›Full record

Observational studyCritical care medicine2025

Prognostic Relevance of Inflammatory Subphenotypes in Immunocompromised Patients With Sepsis.

Melanie F Weingart, Andrew Willmore, Hanjing Zhuo, Liam Magee, Olivia Chao, Chelsea Lin, Emma Schmiege, Taarini Hariharan, Suzanna Chak, Kim Bardillon and 15 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Critical care medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Melanie F WeingartDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.ORCID 0009-0000-2790-9757
Andrew WillmoreDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Hanjing ZhuoDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Liam MageeDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Olivia ChaoDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Chelsea LinDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Emma SchmiegeDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Taarini HariharanDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Suzanna ChakDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA.
Kim BardillonDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA.
Deanna LeeDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA.
Carolyn LerouxDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Sarah N ObeidallaDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
V Eric KerchbergerDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
Kathryn SullivanDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Charles LangelierDivision of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Carolyn M HendricksonDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA.
Kirsten N KangelarisDivision of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Aartik SarmaDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Bruno EvrardInserm CIC 1435, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges, France.
Narges Alipanah-LechnerDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Pratik SinhaDepartment of Anesthesia, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
Michael A MatthayDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Lorraine B WareDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
Carolyn S CalfeeDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

Funding

MUTIDISCIPLINARY TRAINING PROGRAM IN LUNG DISEASEST32HL007185 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI David J Erle, LAURENCE HUANG · 1985 to 2026
$24.6M
Advancing Precision Medicine for ARDS and SepsisR35HL177135 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Carolyn Calfee · 2025 to 2026
$2.3M
Tissue-specific functional genomics in the acute respiratory distress syndromeK01HL157755 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI KERCHBERGER, VERN ERIC · 2021 to 2025
$845k
Proteomic and metabolomic trajectories of ARDS molecular phenotypesK23HL173659 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Narges Alipanah-Lechner · 2025 to 2026
$401k
NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL157755NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL173659NHLBI NIH HHS R35 HL177135NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007185Phillipe Foundation N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesHyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory molecular subphenotypes in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome have divergent mortality and treatment responses in secondary analyses of randomized controlled trials. However, the prevalence of immunocompromise is low in these populations, and how preexisting immunocompromise contributes to subphenotypes is unknown. We studied two observational sepsis cohorts to test associations between immunocompromise and the hyperinflammatory subphenotype and to assess whether the prognostic relevance of molecular subphenotypes is generalizable to immunocompromised populations.

designObservational cohort study.

settingProspective data from two ICU cohorts in the United States. PATIENTS: We included 1826 patients from two combined sepsis cohorts.

interventionsNone. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN

resultsWe defined immunocompromise as a history of solid organ transplant, AIDS, hematologic malignancy, solid malignancy on chemotherapy, or immunosuppressive medication use. Subphenotype was previously assigned using latent class analysis. We used logistic regression to investigate associations between type of immunocompromise and hyperinflammatory subphenotype. Models were repeated with individual covariates known or hypothesized to be associated with the hyperinflammatory subphenotype. Kaplan-Meier survival plots were used to assess mortality differences by subphenotype. Hematologic malignancy was strongly associated with the hyperinflammatory subphenotype (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; p < 0.0001), an association that persisted after adjustment for identified pathogen, presence of bacteremia, or illness severity. History of solid organ transplantation was also associated with the hyperinflammatory subphenotype (OR, 1.6; p = 0.02) but was no longer significant after accounting for bacteremia. Hyperinflammatory classification was associated with a decreased likelihood of survival in hematologic malignancy, but not in organ transplant or solid malignancy populations.

conclusionsPreexisting immune status is associated with subphenotype assignment and may influence its prognostic utility.

Indexed as

Immunocompromised HostInflammationSepsisAgedFemaleHumansIntensive Care UnitsMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypePrognosisProspective StudiesUnited Stateshematologic malignancyimmunocompromisemolecular subphenotypesorgan transplantsepsis

Identifiers

PMID41150892
PMCPMC12912362

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.