ArticleToxics2025
Association Between Neonicotinoids and Neurobehavioral Development in Preschool Children from South China: A Biomonitoring-Based Study.
Article in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Urinary pesticide biomarker associations with depression and anxiety scores from adolescence into young adulthood in the ESPINA cohort.Journal of psychiatric research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs), one of the most widely used pesticide classes worldwide, have raised concerns due to potential neurotoxic effects. Yet evidence on human exposure and health outcomes, particularly in preschool children, remains limited. In this study, 506 children aged 3-6 years from Shenzhen, China, were assessed. Neurobehavioral development was evaluated with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and urinary concentrations of 11 NEOs were measured, including imidacloprid (IMI), clothianidin (CLO), thiamethoxam (THM), dinotefuran (DNT), nitenpyram (NIT), sulfoxaflor (SFX), acetamiprid (ACE), thiacloprid (THD), flonicamid (FLO), 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CINA), N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (NACE), and N-desmethyl-thiamethoxam (NTHM). Seven compounds showed high detection rates, including IMI (97.4%), CLO (100%), THM (100%), DNT (99.8%), NIT (99.8%), NACE (100%), and NTHM (99.8%). The mean urinary concentration was 234.145 μg/g creatinine, exceeding levels in earlier studies and indicating widespread exposure. IMI, NTHM, and NACE showed significant positive dose-response relationships with emotional symptoms, hyperactivity, and total difficulties and were major contributors in mixture models; sex-stratified analyses suggested effect modification for NTHM and NACE. These findings provide new epidemiological evidence to inform public health risk assessment and regulatory action on NEOs.
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Registered trials
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