ArticleSports (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Open Water Swimming: Swimmers' Kinematical and Neuromuscular Characterisation in 5 km Swim.
Article in Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study aimed to characterize and analyse the kinematic parameters and muscle activity of swimmers in open water swimming (OWS). Nine male swimmers (age: 25.4 ± 11.9 years; body mass: 75.9 ± 9.0 kg; height: 180.7 ± 6.7 cm; and arm span: 185.6 ± 10.3 cm) were evaluated in an open environment (lake), performing 5 m × 1000 m at maximum intensity, with a rest of 30 s every 1000 m. For kinematical analyses, the stroke rate (SR), swimming velocity (v), stroke length (SL), and stroke index (SI) were calculated. Surface EMG data were recorded in seven muscles-upper trapezius (UP); latissimus dorsi (LD); pectoralis major (PM); posterior deltoid (PD); anterior deltoid (AD); triceps brachii (TB); and biceps brachii (BB)-for the underwater and recovery phases of the stroke. SL (F = 3.41,
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