Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41150449›Full record

ArticleVaccines2025

A Novel Flow Cytometry Array for High Throughput Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies.

Benyue Zhang, Zhuo Zhang, Yichao Zhao, Jingqiao Lu, Jianmin Fang, Brianne Petritis, Kelly Whittaker, Rani Huang, Ruo-Pan Huang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Benyue ZhangRayBiotech Life, Inc., Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA.
Zhuo ZhangRayBiotech Guangzhou Co., Ltd., 79 Ruihe Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510535, China.
Yichao ZhaoRayBiotech Life, Inc., Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA.
Jingqiao LuRayBiotech Life, Inc., Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA.
Jianmin FangRayBiotech Life, Inc., Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA.
Brianne PetritisRayBiotech Life, Inc., Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA.
Kelly WhittakerRayBiotech Life, Inc., Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA.
Rani HuangRayBiotech Life, Inc., Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA.
Ruo-Pan HuangRayBiotech Life, Inc., Peachtree Corners, GA 30092, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesAlthough the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved one antiviral treatment and authorized others for emergency use, there is no fully effective antiviral therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Assays detecting virus-specific immunoglobulins (Ig) or nucleic acids in large-scale epidemiological, vaccine, and drug development studies remain limited due to high costs, reagent accessibility, and cumbersome protocols.

methodsA multiplex bead-based assay was developed to simultaneously detect human IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) in serum using flow cytometry. Assay performance was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and cross-reactivity and compared to another immunoassay platform.

resultsThe assay enabled simultaneous measurement of three antibody isotypes across 624 samples within 2 h. Intra-plate coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 3.16 to 6.71%, and inter-plate CVs ranged from 3.33 to 5.49%, demonstrating high reproducibility. The platform also quantified background noise from nonspecific binding, facilitating straightforward data interpretation.

conclusionsThis novel, flexible multiplex bead-based assay utilizing a well-established platform provides a rapid and reproducible approach for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Its high throughput capacity and low variability make it well suited for large-scale epidemiological, vaccine, and therapeutic studies. The platform's adaptability further supports application to other infectious diseases, offering an ideal tool for broad immunological surveillance.

Indexed as

bead-based assaysCOVID-19 antibodiesCOVID-19 immune responseflow cytometryIgAIgGIgMSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID41150449
PMCPMC12567774

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.