ReviewVaccines2025
Gender Barriers to Immunization: A Synthesis of UNICEF's Analyses to Advance Equity and Coverage.
Review in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Navigating vaccine access, trust, coercion and regret: post-pandemic lessons on COVID-19 vaccination among newcomer communities in Alberta, Canada.BMC public health · 2026Article
- From Knowledge to Action: Enhancing Herpes Zoster Vaccine Uptake in Diabetic Patients Through Targeted Interventions.Vaccines · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesDespite global efforts to improve childhood immunization rates, gender-related barriers continue to hinder equitable access to vaccines worldwide. This study synthesizes gender barrier analyses conducted in various countries to better understand these challenges. This evidence synthesis aims to (1) identify the main gender-related barriers affecting immunization focusing on zero-dose targets, HPV, and COVID-19 vaccination campaigns; and (2) summarize key recommendations and lessons that have emerged from countries to overcome those gender barriers.
methodsA documentary analysis was used by reviewing data from gender barrier analyses that were conducted by multiple governments with UNICEF support. The study classified barriers using the socio-ecological model (SEM), encompassing systemic, health service, community, household, and individual-level gender barriers. Descriptive statistics and inductive thematic coding were used to analyze data.
resultsThis synthesis includes 24 documents representing gender barrier analyses across 29 countries. Findings highlight multiple barriers, including systemic discrimination against women in public and healthcare spaces, limited political will to address gender disparities, and limited (sex)-disaggregated and gender data. At the community and household levels, social norms restrict women's autonomy in seeking immunization services, while household duties (culturally assigned to women) also restrict their access to immunization services. Adolescents face additional challenges, particularly regarding HPV vaccination, due to misconceptions and stigma from families and peers.
conclusionsAddressing gender-related barriers requires a multi-level approach, integrating gender-responsive policies, and comprehensively addressing gender barriers that are hindering the progress of vaccination efforts. UNICEF's commitment to gender-responsive immunization strategies is critical for achieving the Immunization Agenda 2030 and ensuring equitable vaccine access for all.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.