Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41150435›Full record

ArticleVaccines2025

Precautionary Health Behaviours as Potential Confounders in COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Studies.

Chloé Wyndham-Thomas, Leonie de Munter, Kok Yew Ngew, Sanskruti Gaikwad, Konstantina Chatzikonstantinidou, Antonio Carmona, Charlotte Martin, Gerrit Luit Ten Kate, Nicolas Praet, Wilhelmine Meeraus and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Chloé Wyndham-ThomasP95 Clinical and Epidemiology Services, Diestsevest 125, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Leonie de MunterP95 Clinical and Epidemiology Services, Weena 690, 3012 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6573-2032
Kok Yew NgewP95 Clinical and Epidemiology Services, Diestsevest 125, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Sanskruti GaikwadP95 Clinical and Epidemiology Services, Weena 690, 3012 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Konstantina ChatzikonstantinidouP95 Clinical and Epidemiology Services, Diestsevest 125, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-9167-8201
Antonio CarmonaFundación Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, Av. de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
Charlotte MartinCentre Hospitalier Universitaire St Pierre, Rue Haute 322, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-8995-6230
Gerrit Luit Ten KateUniversitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-7043-8046
Nicolas PraetJanssen Research & Development, LLC, 2340, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
Wilhelmine MeerausMedical Evidence, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8DU, UK.
Matthew D RousculpNovavax, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-2509-1098
Kaatje BollaertsP95 Clinical and Epidemiology Services, Diestsevest 125, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Funding

id.DRIVE N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

adultsbiasconfoundersCOVID-19EuropeSARS-CoV-2vaccine effectiveness

Identifiers

PMID41150435
PMCPMC12567800

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.