Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41150384›Full record

ReviewVaccines2025

Atiqah Hazan, Hai Yen Lee, Vunjia Tiong, Sazaly AbuBakar

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Atiqah HazanTropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Hai Yen LeeTropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-6322-6718
Vunjia TiongTropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-3795-6332
Sazaly AbuBakarTropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-9267-1420

Funding

Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation GA002-2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the urgent need for innovative tools to strengthen pandemic preparedness and health defense, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While vaccination has been the cornerstone of the defense strategy against many infectious agents, there is a critical gap in vaccine equity, ensuring it is accessible to all, especially among the most vulnerable populations. The conventional vaccine delivery platforms, through parenteral administration, face notable limitations, including reliance on trained personnel, sterile conditions, and cold chain logistics. The parenteral vaccines often fail to induce robust mucosal immunity, which is critical for preventing infections at mucosal surfaces, the primary entry point for many pathogens.

Indexed as

Bacillus subtilishealth defenseinfectious diseasespandemicsporesvaccine

Identifiers

PMID41150384
PMCPMC12568070

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.