ArticleNeurology international2025
Risk of Cognitive Decline in Women with Parkinson's Disease Is Reduced by Early Age at Menarche.
Article in Neurology international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association of Reproductive Factors and Postmenopausal Sex Hormones With Cognitive Impairment in Postmenopausal Women With Parkinson's Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting men more frequently than women, a difference that might be due to many factors, including sexual hormones. Estrogens seem to confer a protective effect on the nigrostriatal pathway in experimental studies but their effects on cognition in patients with PD are unknown.
aimTo investigate the impact of the exogenous and endogenous estrogens on cognitive impairment in women with PD. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We recruited and consecutively interviewed outpatient women affected by PD. Each patient underwent a cognitive assessment via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA), an anamnestic collection of the reproductive lifespan variables and clinical features. We investigated if some of the reproductive lifespan variables investigated could predict cognition outcomes in post-menopausal women with PD.
resultsA total of 90 women with PD were recruited. Women with MoCA ≥ 26 (
conclusionsAge at menarche correlated with cognitive outcomes. Our study suggests that earlier exposure to endogenous estrogens during a phase of development and plasticity of the brain might preserve women with PD from cognitive decline.
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