ArticleJournal of Intelligence2025
The Effects of Philosophy for Children on Children's Cognitive Development: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis.
Article in Journal of Intelligence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Amid the rise of the knowledge economy, accelerated informatization, and the emergence of artificial intelligence, Philosophy for Children (P4C) has been promoted as an effective educational project to enhance children's cognitive development, especially higher-order thinking skills. However, empirical evidence regarding its efficacy remains inconclusive. This three-level meta-analysis synthesizes 53 effect sizes derived from 33 experimental and quasi-experimental studies involving 4568 participants to assess P4C's cognitive effects and potential moderators. The results reveal a statistically significant and moderate-to-strong overall effect (
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Registered trials
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