ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2025
Biological Characterization of 3D-Printed, Sintered Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Obtained by Fused Filament Fabrication: An In Vitro Study.
Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advanced Technologies for Processing Functional Biomaterials.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Brick by Brick the Wall Is Being Built: Particle-Based Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine.Polymers · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study characterized the biological response of MG-63 cells to synthetic, hydroxyapatite scaffolds (HAsint) fabricated via fused filament fabrication. Scaffolds were compared to 2D plate-adherent cultures using six assays: cell morphology and distribution with scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy; cell proliferation and cytotoxicity via WST-1 tetrazolium assay; relative osteogenic gene expression through reverse-transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and protein synthesis via multiplex immunoassay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results confirmed high cell viability and uniform distribution on HAsint scaffolds. Proliferation increased significantly over 7 days, though direct cytotoxicity also increased, likely due to the static conditions of the experiment and, subsequently, the high ion reprecipitation from scaffold degradation. Importantly, HAsint scaffolds significantly enhanced osteogenic marker expression of phosphatase alkaline (ALPL), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) genes, and elevated concentrations of interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase 1 compared to plate-adherent controls. It can be concluded that 3D-printed HAsint scaffolds support robust osteogenic differentiation and proliferation despite inducing a transient cytotoxic response in vitro. The marked upregulation of key osteogenic genes and proteins confirms the scaffolds' bioactivity and highlights their potential for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.