ArticleNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Gas-Water Two-Phase Flow Mechanisms in Deep Tight Gas Reservoirs: Insights from Nanofluidics.
Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Understanding gas-water two-phase flow mechanisms in deep tight gas reservoirs is critical for improving production performance and mitigating water invasion. However, the effects of pore-throat-fracture multiscale structures on gas-water flow remain inadequately understood, particularly under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions (HT/HP). In this study, we developed visualizable multiscale throat-pore and throat-pore-fracture physical nanofluidic chip models (feature sizes 500 nm-100 μm) parameterized with Keshen block geological data in the Tarim Basin. We then established an HT/HP nanofluidic platform (rated to 240 °C, 120 MPa; operated at 100 °C, 100 MPa) and, using optical microscopy, directly visualized spontaneous water imbibition and gas-water displacement in the throat-pore and throat-pore-fracture nanofluidic chips and quantified fluid saturation, front velocity, and threshold pressure gradients. The results revealed that the spontaneous imbibition process follows a three-stage evolution controlled by capillarity, gas compression, and pore-scale heterogeneity. Nanoscale throats and microscale pores exhibit good connectivity, facilitating rapid imbibition without significant scale-induced resistance. In contrast, 100 μm fractures create preferential flow paths, leading to enhanced micro-scale water locking and faster gas-water equilibrium. The matrix gas displacement threshold gradient remains below 0.3 MPa/cm, with the cross-scale Jamin effect-rather than capillarity-dominating displacement resistance. At higher pressure gradients (~1 MPa/cm), water is efficiently expelled to low saturations via nanoscale throat networks. This work provides an experimental platform for visualizing gas-water flow in multiscale porous media under ultra-high temperature and pressure conditions and offers mechanistic insights to guide gas injection strategies and water management in deep tight gas reservoirs.
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