ReviewGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025
A Critical Review: Gel-Based Edible Inks for 3D Food Printing: Materials, Rheology-Geometry Mapping, and Control.
Review in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rheology, Printability, and Texture of Extrusion-Based 3D-Printed Self-Supporting Soft Gels Formulated with Pea and Chickpea Proteins.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 3D Printing with Marine Gelatin: A Cross-Sector Review of Biomedical, Food, and Health Uses.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Effect of Post-Mixing pH Regulation of a Gelatin-κ-Carrageenan System on the Structure and 3D Printing Performance of Yellow Peach Pulp Gels.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Starch-Based Functional Ingredients in Baking: A Review of Advances in Starch Derivatives, Quality Enhancement, and Reduction of Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gel-Based 3D Food Printing for Dysphagia Management: Advances in Personalized Nutrition, Texture Control, and Clinical Translation.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Edible hydrogels are the central material class in 3D food printing because they reconcile two competing needs: (i) low resistance to flow under nozzle shear and (ii) fast recovery of elastic structure after deposition to preserve geometry. This review consolidates the recent years of progress on hydrogel formulations-gelatin, alginate, pectin, carrageenan, agar, starch-based gels, gellan, and cellulose derivatives, xanthan/konjac blends, protein-polysaccharide composites, and emulsion gels alongside a critical analysis of printing technologies relevant to food: extrusion, inkjet, binder jetting, and laser-based approaches. For each material, this review connects gelation triggers and compositional variables to rheology signatures that govern printability and then maps these to process windows and post-processing routes. This review consolidates a decision-oriented workflow for edible-hydrogel printability that links formulation variables, process parameters, and geometric fidelity through standardized test constructs (single line, bridge, thin wall) and rheology-anchored gates (e.g., yield stress and recovery). Building on these elements, a "printability map/window" is formalized to position inks within actionable operating regions, enabling recipe screening and process transfer. Compared with prior reviews, the emphasis is on decisions: what to measure, how to interpret it, and how to adjust inks and post-set enablers to meet target fidelity and texture. Reporting minima and a stability checklist are identified to close the loop from design to shelf.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.