Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41149379›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Development and Evaluation of Nystatin-Loaded Novasomal Gel for the Treatment of

Muhammad Abid Mustafa, Muhammad Fahad, Maryam Mughal, Namra Rasheed, Saad S Alqahtani, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Muhammad Abid MustafaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore 53400, Pakistan.
Muhammad FahadDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore 53400, Pakistan.
Maryam MughalDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore 53400, Pakistan.
Namra RasheedDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore 53400, Pakistan.
Saad S AlqahtaniDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad Zahid IqbalDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

King Khalid University RGP2/590/46
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Candida infections pose a significant health threat, and conventional antifungal drugs like nystatin are limited due to poor solubility, skin permeability, and frequent dosage requirements. Nystatin effectively targets Candida species by disrupting cell membranes, but formulation issues hinder clinical use. Lipid-based vesicular carriers, or novasomes, provide controlled, prolonged drug release and enhanced skin penetration. This study focuses on developing nystatin-loaded novasomal gels as an advanced drug delivery system to enhance therapeutic efficacy, bioavailability, and patient compliance. The formulation was prepared using a modified ethanol injection technique, combining stearic acid, oleic acid, Span 60, cholesterol, and Carbopol to produce a stable transdermal gel. Comprehensive in vitro characterization using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and thermal analysis confirmed the chemical compatibility, morphological uniformity, and physical stability of the nystatin-loaded novasomal gel. Entrapment efficiency differed significantly among the formulations (

Indexed as

ethanol injectionfungal infectionsnystatinskin compatibilitytransdermal drug deliveryvesicular system

Identifiers

PMID41149379
PMCPMC12564917

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.