Simulation of an Asymmetric Photonic Structure Integrating Tamm Plasmon Polariton Modes and a Cavity Mode for Potential Urinary Glucose Sensing via Refractive Index Shifts.

Diabetes has become a global health challenge, driving the demand for innovative, non-invasive diagnostic technologies to improve glucose monitoring. Urinary glucose concentration, a reliable indicator of metabolic changes, provides a practical alternative for frequent monitoring without the discomfort of invasive methods. In this simulation-based study, we propose a novel asymmetric photonic structure that integrates Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) modes and a cavity mode for high-precision refractive index sensing, with a conceptual focus on the potential detection of urinary glucose. The structure supports three distinct resonance modes, each with unique field localization. Both the TPP modes, confined at the metallic-dielectric interfaces, serve as stable references whose wavelengths are unaffected by refractive-index variations in human urine, whereas the cavity mode exhibits a redshift with increasing refractive index, enabling high responsiveness to analyte changes. The evaluation of sensing performance employs a sensitivity formulation that leverages either TPP mode as a reference and the cavity mode as a probe, thereby achieving dependable measurement and spectral stability. The optimized design achieves a sensitivity of 693 nm·RIU